Research Progress on the Role of Mitochondrial DNA in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Liver Disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

Mitochondrial DNA is the mitochondria's own genetic material located within the mitochondrial matrix and is involved in cellular metabolism and energy supply. Mitochondrial DNA damage exacerbates oxidative stress by increasing the release of reactive oxygen species, while mitochondrial DNA release also triggers apoptosis and activates immune inflammatory responses through damage-related molecular patterns. Mitochondrial autophagy regulates mitochondrial DNA damage and release through a negative feedback mechanism to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence and development of chronic liver disease are closely related to mitochondrial DNA-mediated immune inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.

Impacts of different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval on testicular function and antisperm antibodies in azoospermia patients / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval on the levels of serum inhibin B (INHB), antisperm antibodies (AsAb), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T) in patients with azoospermia.@*METHODS@#We randomly assigned 210 azoospermia patients to receive testicular sperm extraction (TESE, n = 50), testicular sperm aspiration (TESA, n = 56), testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA, n = 64), or microscopic TESE (micro-TESE, n = 40). We measured the levels of serum INHB, FSH, and T and the positive rate of AsAb before and at 1 and 3 months after surgery.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the baseline, the levels of serum FSH at 1 and 3 months after surgery showed no statistically significant differences in the TESE (［8.51 ± 4.34］ vs ［8.76 ± 3.07］ and ［7.24 ± 3.32］ IU/L, P >0.05), TESA (［7.70 ± 2.72］ vs ［7.90 ± 4.57］ and ［8.04 ± 3.65］ IU/L, P >0.05), TEFNA (［6.04 ± 3.17］ vs ［6.08 ± 2.70］ and ［6.10 ± 3.32］ IU/L, P >0.05), or micro-TESE group (［6.59 ± 2.74］ vs ［6.89 ± 1.78］ and ［6.75 ± 2.57］ IU/L, P >0.05); the positive rate of AsAb (IgM) was significantly increased at 1 month in the TESE (0.00 vs 14.00%, P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval have different impacts on the testicular function and AsAb in patients with azoospermia.

Orchidopexy increases the levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B in cryptorchidism patients / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B (INHB) in patients with unilateral cryptorchidism before and after orchidopexy.@*METHODS@#This study included 58 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism treated by orchidopexy and 32 healthy controls. Before and at 6 months after surgery, we measured the length and circumference of the penis, the volume of the undescended testis, and levels of serum AMH and INHB.@*RESULTS@#There were statistically significant differences between the unilateral cryptorchidism and healthy control groups in the levels of serum AMH (［102.80 ± 17.35 vs 108.76 ± 13.64］ ng/ml, P0.05; INHB: ［75.76 ± 5.94］ vs ［77.63 ± 5.99］ pg/ml, P>0.05). No remarkable differences were observed between the unilateral cryptorchidism and healthy control groups in the preoperative penile length (［2.05 ± 0.23］ vs ［2.11 ± 0.22］ cm, P>0.05), penile circumference (［3.91 ± 0.23］ vs ［3.99 ± 0.20］ cm, P>0.05) and volume of the undescended testis (［0.45 ± 0.02］ vs ［0.46 ± 0.02］ ml, P>0.05), or in the postoperative penile length (［2.09 ± 0.23］ vs ［2.16 ± 0.22］ cm, P>0.05), penile circumference (［4.00 ± 0.25］ vs ［3.98 ± 0.19］ cm, P>0.05) and volume of the undescended testis (［0.45 ± 0.02］ vs ［0.45 ± 0.02］ ml, P>0.05). Compared with the baseline, the cryptorchidism patients showed markedly increased levels of serum AMH (［102.80 ± 17.35］ vs ［109.76 ± 17.25］ ng/ml, P<0.05) and INHB (［70.24 ± 5.73］ vs ［75.76 ± 5.94］ pg/ml, P<0.05) after orchidopexy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Orchidopexy can elevate the levels of serum AMH and INHB and protect the testicular function of cryptorchidism patients.

Progress in the research of acquired heterotopic ossification / 基础医学与临床

Acquired heterotopic ossification is the abnormal bone formation outside of the normal skeletal system . The origin trauma and disease of aHO is plentiful .In this paper, we reviewed on BMP ,hedgehog,wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathway , understanding of the pathogenesis of aHO .

Impact of unilateral cryptorchidism on the levels of serum anti-müllerian hormone and inhibin B / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the influence of unilateral cryptorchidism on the levels of serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We enrolled 65 patients with unilateral cryptorchidism and 45 healthy children in this study. We measured the length and circumference of the penis, the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side, and the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with unilateral cryptorchidism showed significant decreases at 12 months in serum AMH (［108.06±12.40］ vs ［103.26±17.57］ ng/ml, P<0.05) and inhibin B (［77.43±5.66］ vs ［70.21±5.69］ pg/ml, P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the length and circumference of the penis and the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side at 6 and 12 months (P>0.05), or in the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at 6 months (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Unilateral cryptorchidism affects the gonadal function of the patient, and orchiopexy should be timely performed in order to reduce its impact.</p>

Impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome on sperm DNA fragmentation and nucleoprotein transition / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on sperm DNA fragmentation and nucleoprotein transition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the recommended methods in the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (5th ed), we conducted routine semen analysis for 65 CP/CPPS patients and 30 healthy men. We also analyzed the results of papanicolaou staining, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm nucleoprotein transition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the healthy control males, the CP/CPPS patients showed significant decreases in sperm concentration ([134.05 +/- 99.80] vs [94.75 +/- 92.07]) x 10(6)/ml, P <0.05), the percentage of morphologically normal sperm ([7.26 +/- 2.28] vs [5.61 +/- 3.40]%, P <0.05) and sperm progressive motility ([59.18 +/- 16.06] vs [47.68 +/- 17.62]%, P<0.05), but dramatic increases in sperm DNA fragmentation ([22.92 +/- 11.51] vs [43.58 +/- 17.07%, P<0.01) and sperm nucleoprotein transition ([23.26 +/- 5.97] vs [32.14 +/- 8.79]%, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CP/CPPS significantly reduces sperm quality and male fertility.</p>

Update of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion / 中华男科学杂志

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are used most commonly in the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction (ED). Recent studies show that PDE5 inhibitors are ideal drugs for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review focuses on the results of basic and clinical researches on PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury and provides some theoretical evidence for clinical options of the drugs.

High ligation of the spermatic vein and sperm DNA fragmentation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of high ligation of the spermatic vein (HLSV) on DNA fragmentation in varicocele (VC) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four VC patients underwent HLSV. Sperm motion indexes and the results of papanicolaou staining and DNA fragmentation detection were analyzed before and 3 months after the operation according to the WHO guidelines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with pre-operation, HLSV achieved a significant increase in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P < 0.01), and remarkable decreases in DNA fragmentation, sperm deformity index (SDI) and multiple anomalies index (MAI) (P < 0.01). The patients also showed significant increases in sperm concentration and the percentages of grade b sperm (P < 0.05) and grade a and a + b sperm (P < 0.01) after the operation. The post-operative percentages of sperm DNA fragmentation in those with grades I - III VC were markedly lower (P < 0.01), but showed no significant difference from that in those with subclinical VC (P > 0.05). The percentage of big-halo sperm was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while those of the medium-, small- and non-halo sperm remarkably decreased (P < 0.01) after HLSV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLSV can effectively improve the sperm quality of VC patients.</p>